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道教者,道德之教法也,本无什么道家与道教之分。近代西方学者本身不修行,又对华夏文化缺乏整体了解,因而误将《老子》、《庄子》当成纯谈哲学的著作,从而强行划分出了道家(Philosophical Taoism)、道教(Religious Taoism);之后,中国学者引进了这一“研究成果”,也按西方学者的标准来划分“道家”、“道教”, 实乃无真知、无主见的盲目附和而已。
如今,随着世界对中华道学的了解越来越多, 道家、道教这种分法遭到越来越多的质疑。以下摘录一些西方道教爱好者的言论:
[英] Philosophical Taoism does not refer to an actual Taoist school or group of philosophers. Rather, it is a way invented by modern scholars, for reading Taoist texts and interpreting them in philosophical terms.
[译]“道家”既不是实际的道学宗派,也不是一个哲学家群体。它只是近代学者所创立的一种方法,用以阅读道经,并以哲学概念来解释道经。
[英] "philosophical taoism" is not a fact, it's an "opinion" -- i.e. quite a few people think it "exists" but there's no historic trail to follow so as to actually demonstrate its existence as distinct and separate from taoist faith, arts, sciences and practices that incorporate it as a whole......
[译]“道家”不是一个事实,而是一个“选项”。-- 例如,颇有一些人认为存在“道家”,但并无任何历史痕迹证明与道教信仰、道教艺术、道教科学、道教修行分离的“道家”确实存在...... |